Инд. авторы: Medved I., Polat G., Koulakov I.
Заглавие: Crustal Structure of the Eastern Anatolia Region (Turkey) Based on Seismic Tomography
Библ. ссылка: Medved I., Polat G., Koulakov I. Crustal Structure of the Eastern Anatolia Region (Turkey) Based on Seismic Tomography // GEOSCIENCES. - 2021. - Vol.11. - Iss. 2. - Art.91.
Внешние системы: DOI: 10.3390/geosciences11020091; РИНЦ: 46750102; WoS: 000622559400001;
Реферат: eng: Here, we investigated the crustal structure beneath eastern Anatolia, an area of high seismicity and critical significance for earthquake hazards in Turkey. The study was based on the local tomography method using data from earthquakes that occurred in the study area provided by the Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Ministry of Interior Disaster and Emergency Management Directorate Earthquake Department Directorate of Turkey. The dataset used for tomography included the travel times of 54,713 P-waves and 38,863 S-waves from 6355 seismic events. The distributions of the resulting seismic velocities (Vp, Vs) down to a depth of 60 km demonstrate significant anomalies associated with the major geologic and tectonic features of the region. The Arabian plate was revealed as a high-velocity anomaly, and the low-velocity patterns north of the Bitlis suture are mostly associated with eastern Anatolia. The upper crust of eastern Anatolia was associated with a similar to 10 km thick high-velocity anomaly; the lower crust is revealed as a wedge-shaped low-velocity anomaly. This kind of seismic structure under eastern Anatolia corresponded to the hypothesized existence of a lithospheric window beneath this collision zone, through which hot material of the asthenosphere rises. Thus, the presented results help to clarify the deep structure under eastern Anatolia.
Ключевые слова: collision zone; Arabian plate; seismic tomography; Eastern Anatolia; crustal structure;
Издано: 2021
Физ. характеристика: 91
Цитирование: 1. Okay, A.I.; Zattin, M.; Cavazza, W. Apatite fission-track data for the Miocene Arabia-Eurasia collision. Geology 2010, 38, 35–38. 2. Mueller, M.A.; Licht, A.; Campbell, C.; Ocakoğlu, F.; Taylor, M.H.; Burch, L.; Ugrai, T.; Kaya, M.; Kurtoğlu, B.; Coster, P.M.C.; et al. Collision Chronology Along the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone: Insights From the Sarıcakaya Basin, Western Ana-tolia. Tectonics 2019, 38, 3652–3674. 3. Tan, O.; Taymaz, T. Active tectonics of the Caucasus: Earthquake source mechanisms and rupture histories obtained from inversion of teleseismic body waveforms. Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am. 2006, 409, 531. 4. McClusky, S.; Balassanian, S.; Barka, A.; Demir, C.; Ergintav, S.; Georgiev, I.; Gurkan, O.; Hamburger, M.; Hurst, K.; Kahle, H.; et al. Global Positioning System constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 2000, 105, 5695–5719. 5. Yıldırım, C.; Sarıkaya, M.A.; Çiner, A. Late Pleistocene intraplate extension of the Central Anatolian Plateau, Turkey: Inferences from cosmogenic exposure dating of alluvial fan, landslide, and moraine surfaces along the Ecemiş Fault Zone. Tectonics 2016, 35, 1446–1464. 6. Özacar, A.A.; Zandt, G.; Gilbert, H.; Beck, S.L. Seismic images of crustal variations beneath the East Anatolian Plateau (Turkey) from teleseismic receiver functions. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 2010, 340, 485–496. 7. Şengör, A.M.C.; Yilmaz, Y. Tethyan evolution of Turkey: A plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics 1981, 75, 181–241. 8. Allen, M.; Jackson, J.; Walker, R. Late Cenozoic reorganization of the Arabia-Eurasia collision and the comparison of short-term and long-term deformation rates. Tectonics 2004, 23, doi: 10.1029/2003TC001530. 9. Dewey, J.F.; Hempton, M.R.; Kidd, W.S.F.; Saroglu, F.; Şengör, A.M.C. Shortening of continental lithosphere: The neotectonics of Eastern Anatolia-A young collision zone. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 1986, 19, 1–36. 10. Keskin, M. Magma generation by slab steepening and break-off beneath a subduction-accretion complex: An alternative model for collision-related volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30, 7–10. 11. Şengör, A.M.C.; Özeren, S.; Genç, T.; Zor, E. East Anatolian High Plateau as a mantle-supported, north-south shortened domal structure. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30, 2–5. 12. Yilmaz, Y. Comparison of young volcanic associations of western and eastern Anatolia formed under a compressional regime: a review. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1990, 44, 69–87. 13. Schleiffarth, W.K.; Darin, M.H.; Reid, M.R.; Umhoefer, P.J. Dynamics of episodic Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic magmatism across Central to Eastern Anatolia: New insights from an extensive geochronology compilation. Geosphere 2018, 14, 1990–2008. 14. Rabayrol, F.; Hart, C.J.R.; Thorkelson, D.J. Temporal, spatial and geochemical evolution of late Cenozoic post-subduction mag-matism in central and eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Lithos 2019, 336, 67–96. 15. Şengör, A.M.C.; Kidd, W.S.F. Post-collisional tectonics of the Turkish-Iranian plateau and a comparison with Tibet. Tectonophys-ics 1979, 55, 361–376. 16. Vanacore, E.A.; Taymaz, T.; Saygin, E. Moho structure of the anatolian plate from receiver function analysis. Geophys. J. Int. 2013, 193, 329–337. 17. Tezel, T.; Shibutani, T.; Kaypak, B. Crustal structure variation in western Turkey inferred from the receiver function analysis. Tectonophysics 2010, 492, 240–252. 18. Zor, E.; Sandvol, E.; Gürbüz, C.; Türkelli, N.; Seber, D.; Barazangi, M. The crustal structure of the East Anatolian plateau (Tur-key) from receiver functions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30, doi:10.1029/2003GL018192. 19. Gök, R.; Pasyanos, M.E.; Zor, E. Lithospheric structure of the continent-continent collision zone: Eastern Turkey. Geophys. J. Int. 2007, 169, 1079–1088. 20. Gans, C.R.; Beck, S.L.; Zandt, G.; Biryol, C.B.; Ozacar, A.A. Detecting the limit of slab break-off in central Turkey: New high-resolution Pn tomography results. Geophys. J. Int. 2009, 179, 1566–1572. 21. Memiş, C.; Göğüş, O.H.; Uluocak, E.Ş.; Pysklywec, R.; Keskin, M.; Şengör, A.M.C.; Topuz, G. Long Wavelength Progressive Plateau Uplift in Eastern Anatolia Since 20 Ma: Implications for the Role of Slab Peel-Back and Break-Off. Geochem. Geophy. Geosys. 2020, 21, doi:10.1029/2019GC008726. 22. Pearce, J.A.; Bender, J.F.; De Long, S.E.; Kidd, W.S.F.; Low, P.J.; Güner, Y.; Saroglu, F.; Yilmaz, Y.; Moorbath, S.; Mitchell, J.G. Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 1990, 44, 189–229. 23. Koulakov, I.; Zabelina, I.; Amanatashvili, I.; Meskhia, V. Nature of orogenesis and volcanism in the Caucasus region based on results of regional tomography. Solid Earth 2012, 3, 327–337. 24. Zabelina, I.; Koulakov, I.; Amanatashvili, I.; El Khrepy, S.; Al-Arifi, N. Seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath Caucasus based on regional earthquake tomography. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2016, 119, 87–99. 25. Zor, E. Tomographic evidence of slab detachment beneath eastern Turkey and the Caucasus. Geophys. J. Int. 2008, 175, 1273– 1282. 26. Lei, J.; Zhao, D. Teleseismic evidence for a break-off subducting slab under Eastern Turkey. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2007, 257, 14– 28. 27. Portner, D.E.; Delph, J.R.; Berk Biryol, C.; Beck, S.L.; Zandt, G.; Özacar, A.A.; Sandvol, E.; Türkelli, N. Subduction termination through progressive slab deformation across Eastern Mediterranean subduction zones from updated P-wave tomography beneath Anatolia. Geosphere 2018, 14, 907–925. 28. Kaban, M.K.; Petrunin, A.G.; El Khrepy, S.; Al-Arifi, N. Diverse Continental Subduction Scenarios Along the Arabia-Eurasia Collision Zone. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2018, 45, 6898–6906. 29. Al-Lazki, A.I.; Seber, D.; Sandvol, E.; Turkelli, N.; Mohamad, R.; Barazangi, M. Tomographic Pn velocity and anisotropy structure beneath the Anatolian plateau (eastern Turkey) and the surrounding regions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30, 4–7. 30. Maggi, A.; Priestley, K. Surface waveform tomography of the Turkish-Iranian plateau. Geophys. J. Int. 2005, 160, 1068–1080. 31. Salah, M.K.; Şahin, Ş.; Topatan, U. Crustal velocity and Vp/Vs structures beneath central Anatolia from local seismic tomogra-phy. Arab. J. Geosci. 2014, 7, 4101–4118. 32. Warren, L.M.; Beck, S.L.; Biryol, C.B.; Ozacar, A.A.; Yang, Y. Crustal velocity structure of Central and Eastern Turkey from ambient noise tomography. Geophys. J. Int. 2013, 194, 1941–1954. 33. Salaün, G.; Pedersen, H.A.; Paul, A.; Farra, V.; Karabulut, H.; Hatzfeld, D.; Papazachos, C.; Childs, D.M.; Pequegnat, C.; Afacan, T.; et al. High-resolution surface wave tomography beneath the Aegean-Anatolia region: Constraints on upper-mantle struc-ture. Geophys. J. Int. 2012, 190, 406–420. 34. Angus, D.A.; Wilson, D.C.; Sandvol, E.; Ni, J.F. Lithospheric structure of the Arabian and Eurasian collision zone in eastern Turkey from S-wave receiver functions. Geophys. J. Int. 2006, 166, 1335–1346. 35. Salah, M.K.; Şahin, Ş.; Aydin, U. Seismic velocity and Poisson’s ratio tomography of the crust beneath East Anatolia. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2011, 40, 746–761. 36. Koulakov, I.; Bindi, D.; Parolai, S.; Grosser, H.; Milkereit, C. Distribution of seismic velocities and attenuation in the crust beneath the North Anatolian fault (Turkey) from local earthquake tomography. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 2010, 100, 207–224. 37. Kaypak, B. Three-dimensional VP and VP/VS structure of the upper crust in the Erzincan basin (eastern Turkey). J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 2008, 113, doi: 10.1029/2006JB004905. 38. Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S.; Biryol, C.B.; Beck, S.; Zandt, G.; Taymaz, T.; Adiyaman, H.E.; Özacar, A.A. 3-D crustal structure along the North Anatolian Fault Zone in north-central Anatolia revealed by local earthquake tomography. Geophys. J. Int. 2012, 188, 819– 849. 39. Karabulut, H.; Özalaybey, S.; Taymaz, T.; Aktar, M.; Selvi, O.; Kocaoǧlu, A. A tomographic image of the shallow crustal structure in the Eastern Marmara. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30, 1–4. 40. Polat, G.; Özel, N.M.; Koulakov, I. Investigating P-and S-wave velocity structure beneath the Marmara region (Turkey) and the surrounding area from local earthquake tomography. Earth, Planets Sp. 2016, 68, 1–14. 41. Gökalp, H. Tomographic Imaging of the Seismic Structure Beneath the East Anatolian Plateau, Eastern Turkey. Pure Appl. Ge-ophys. 2012, 169, 1749–1776. 42. Koulakov, I. LOTOS code for local earthquake tomographic inversion: Benchmarks for testing tomographic algorithms. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 2009, 99, 194–214. 43. Zabelina, I. V.; Koulakov, I.Y.; Buslov, M.M. Deep mechanisms in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan orogen (from results of seismic tomog-raphy). Russ. Geol. Geophys. 2013, 54, 695–706. 44. Sychev, I. V.; Koulakov, I.; Sycheva, N.A.; Koptev, A.; Medved, I.; El Khrepy, S.; Al-Arifi, N. Collisional Processes in the Crust of the Northern Tien Shan Inferred From Velocity and Attenuation Tomography Studies. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 2018, 123, 1752–1769. 45. Koulakov, I.; Gerya, T.; Rastogi, B.K.; Jakovlev, A.; Medved, I.; Kayal, J.R.; El Khrepy, S.; Al-Arifi, N. Growth of mountain belts in central Asia triggers a new collision zone in central India. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 1–8. 46. Koulakov, I.; Jakovlev, A.; Zabelina, I.; Roure, F.; Cloetingh, S.; El Khrepy, S.; Al-Arifi, N. Subduction or delamination beneath the Apennines? Evidence from regional tomography. Solid Earth 2015, 6, 669–679. 47. Um, J.; Thurber, C.A. Fast algorithm for two-point seismic ray tracing. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 1987, 77, 972–986. 48. Paige, C.C.; Saunders, M.A. LSQR: An algorithm for sparse linear equations and sparse least squares. ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 1982, 8, 43–71. 49. Nolet, G. Seismic wave propagation and seismic tomography. Seism. Tomogr. 1987, 1–23. Available online: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-94-009-3899-1_1 (accessed on 14 February 2021) 50. Çivgin, B.; Kaypak, B. Estimation of the crustal structure in Central Anatolia (Turkey) using receiver functions. Turkish J. Earth Sci. 2017, 26, 314–330. 51. Oruç, B.; Gomez-Ortiz, D.; Petit, C. Lithospheric flexural strength and effective elastic thicknesses of the Eastern Anatolia (Tur-key) and surrounding region. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2017, 150, 1–13.