Инд. авторы:	Речкунов С.Н., Принц А.В., Селезнев В.А., Голод С.В., Соотс Р.А., Иванов А.И., Ратушняк А.С., Принц В.Я.
Заглавие:	Нейроинтерфейсы: обзор, разработка
Библ. ссылка:	Речкунов С.Н., Принц А.В., Селезнев В.А., Голод С.В., Соотс Р.А., Иванов А.И., Ратушняк А.С., Принц В.Я. Нейроинтерфейсы: обзор, разработка // Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции. - 2014. - Т.18. - № 4-3. - С.1077-1089. - ISSN 2500-0462. - EISSN 2500-3259.
Внешние системы:	РИНЦ: 23001138;
Реферат:	rus: Изучение электрической активности в нейронных сетях необходимо для расшифровки на клеточном уровне механизмов информационных процессов и объяснения таких явлений, как долговременная память, обучение и синаптическая пластичность. Необходимо создание многоэлектродных приборов для фундаментальных исследований и практических применений, предназначенных для одновременной записи и стимуляции нейронной активности. В работе представлено современное состояние дизайна, тенденций развития, преимуществ и недостатков многоэлектродной концепции. Главной задачей в дизайне нейроинтерфейсов является достижение необходимого уровня биосовместимости и малой инвазивности при сохранении высокого пространственно-временного разрешения. Мы предложили и описали оригинальные нейроинтерфейсы. Один из них основан на плотном массиве вертикальных полупроводниковых микротрубок и предназначен для будущих in vivo нейроинтерфейсов. Другой является экспериментальным in vitro многоэлектродным прибором, сформированным из 60 жидкостных пэтч-кламп электродов. Описаны результаты измерения сигналов с нейронов с помощью сформированных пэтч-кламп электродов, каждый их которых представляет собой своеобразную пипетку (диаметром 2 мкм) и позволяет реализовать контакт с мембраной клетки путем присасывания. Достоинством этого подхода является то, что клетки не имеют непосредственного контакта с металлом электродов, а контактируют с проводящей жидкостью в микроканале (ионным проводником), что обеспечивает правильность электрических измерений и повышает выживаемость клеток в процессе измерений. eng: Electrical activity seems to be the key issue for disclosing information processing mechanisms in neuronal networks; however, the related phenomena such as long-term memory, learning behavior and synaptic plasticity have not been adequately understood yet on cellular level. A great challenge in the fundamental research and practical implementation of those phenomena is to build up multi-electrode array (MEA) devices for simultaneous neuronal recordings and stimulation. We outline the state-of-the-art MEA designs, development trends, and benefits and shortcomings of the MEA concept. As a rule, the general task in neurointerface designing is to achieve biocompatible, low-invasive interface performance and the spatio-temporal resolution. In this paper, we propose and describe two innovative neuro-interface designs. One of these designs is introduced as a conceptual device based on a dense array of vertically standing semiconductor microtubes which can be implemented in future in vivo interfaces. Another design is a pilot in vitro MEA device formed by 60 planar ‘patch-clamp’ electrode sites. Here, we report results of neuron-signal measurements performed with the help of patch-clamp sucker electrodes, each of the electrodes presenting a kind of a 2-pm diameter pipette that can be used for making contacts to cell membranes. An advantageous feature of the method consists in that the treated cells have no immediate contact with the metal as they contact with the microchannel conducting liquid, or ionic conductor; the latter approach ensures more adequate measurements and, simultaneously, it improves the cell survivability during measurements.
Ключевые слова:	нейроинтерфейс; semiconductor nanotube array; neurointerface; Brain-computer interface; рatch clamp electrodes; пэтч-кламп; полупроводниковые нанотрубки;
Издано:	2014
Физ. характеристика:	с.1077-1089
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